Below is a comprehensive Python technical test revision guide covering:

Variables & Data Types
Conditionals
Loops (for / while)
Functions
Strings
Lists, Tuples, Sets
Dictionaries
List Comprehensions
Error Handling
File Handling
Object-Oriented Programming
Common Interview Logic Problems
Recursion
Sorting & Searching
Basic Algorithm Patterns
Generators
Decorators
Lambda Functions
Working with Dates
Basic Data Handling (pandas-style logic without external dependency focus)

This is intentionally long and structured like a self-study handbook you can review before the interview.

1️⃣ Variables and Data Types

Python is dynamically typed.

# Integer
x = 10

# Float
y = 3.14

# String
name = "John"

# Boolean
is_active = True

# None
value = None

Type Checking

print(type(x))       # <class 'int'>
print(isinstance(x, int))  # True

2️⃣ Conditional Statements

Basic If-Else

age = 18

if age >= 18:
    print("Adult")
else:
    print("Minor")

If-Elif-Else

score = 75

if score >= 90:
    grade = "A"
elif score >= 70:
    grade = "B"
elif score >= 50:
    grade = "C"
else:
    grade = "Fail"

print(grade)

Ternary Operator

result = "Pass" if score >= 50 else "Fail"

3️⃣ For Loops

Basic Loop

for i in range(5):
    print(i)

Loop Through List

numbers = [10, 20, 30]

for num in numbers:
    print(num)

Loop With Index

for index, value in enumerate(numbers):
    print(index, value)

Nested Loop

for i in range(3):
    for j in range(2):
        print(f"i={i}, j={j}")

4️⃣ While Loops

count = 0

while count < 5:
    print(count)
    count += 1

Break and Continue

for i in range(10):
    if i == 5:
        break
    print(i)

for i in range(10):
    if i % 2 == 0:
        continue
    print(i)

5️⃣ Functions

Basic Function

def greet(name):
    return f"Hello {name}"

print(greet("Alice"))

Default Parameters

def power(base, exponent=2):
    return base ** exponent

print(power(3))      # 9
print(power(3, 3))   # 27

Variable Arguments

def add_numbers(*args):
    return sum(args)

print(add_numbers(1, 2, 3, 4))

Keyword Arguments

def print_details(**kwargs):
    for key, value in kwargs.items():
        print(key, value)

print_details(name="John", age=30)

6️⃣ Strings

Basic Operations

text = "Python"

print(text.lower())
print(text.upper())
print(text[0])
print(text[-1])

String Slicing

print(text[0:3])  # Pyt
print(text[::-1]) # nohtyP

String Methods

sentence = "hello world"

print(sentence.replace("world", "Python"))
print(sentence.split())
print(" ".join(["Hello", "World"]))

Check Palindrome

def is_palindrome(s):
    s = s.lower().replace(" ", "")
    return s == s[::-1]

print(is_palindrome("Race car"))

7️⃣ Lists

numbers = [1, 2, 3]
numbers.append(4)
numbers.remove(2)

List Comprehension

squares = [x**2 for x in range(10)]

Filter Even Numbers

evens = [x for x in range(20) if x % 2 == 0]

Find Maximum

numbers = [4, 8, 1, 9]

maximum = numbers[0]

for num in numbers:
    if num > maximum:
        maximum = num

print(maximum)

8️⃣ Tuples

point = (10, 20)

x, y = point
print(x, y)

9️⃣ Sets

numbers = {1, 2, 3, 3}
print(numbers)  # duplicates removed

a = {1, 2, 3}
b = {3, 4, 5}

print(a.union(b))
print(a.intersection(b))

🔟 Dictionaries

person = {
    "name": "Alice",
    "age": 30
}

print(person["name"])

Loop Through Dictionary

for key, value in person.items():
    print(key, value)

Count Character Frequency

def char_count(text):
    counts = {}
    for char in text:
        counts[char] = counts.get(char, 0) + 1
    return counts

print(char_count("hello"))

1️⃣1️⃣ Error Handling

try:
    x = int("abc")
except ValueError:
    print("Invalid conversion")
finally:
    print("Done")

1️⃣2️⃣ File Handling

Write to File

with open("data.txt", "w") as file:
    file.write("Hello World")

Read from File

with open("data.txt", "r") as file:
    content = file.read()
    print(content)

1️⃣3️⃣ Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)

Basic Class

class Person:
    def __init__(self, name, age):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age

    def greet(self):
        return f"My name is {self.name}"

person1 = Person("Alice", 25)
print(person1.greet())

Inheritance

class Employee(Person):
    def __init__(self, name, age, salary):
        super().__init__(name, age)
        self.salary = salary

    def get_salary(self):
        return self.salary

emp = Employee("Bob", 30, 50000)
print(emp.get_salary())

1️⃣4️⃣ Recursion

Factorial

def factorial(n):
    if n == 0:
        return 1
    return n * factorial(n - 1)

print(factorial(5))

Fibonacci

def fibonacci(n):
    if n <= 1:
        return n
    return fibonacci(n-1) + fibonacci(n-2)

1️⃣5️⃣ Sorting

Built-in Sort

numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]
numbers.sort()

Custom Sort

students = [
    {"name": "Alice", "age": 25},
    {"name": "Bob", "age": 20}
]

students.sort(key=lambda x: x["age"])

1️⃣6️⃣ Searching

Linear Search

def linear_search(lst, target):
    for index, value in enumerate(lst):
        if value == target:
            return index
    return -1

Binary Search

def binary_search(lst, target):
    left = 0
    right = len(lst) - 1

    while left <= right:
        mid = (left + right) // 2
        if lst[mid] == target:
            return mid
        elif lst[mid] < target:
            left = mid + 1
        else:
            right = mid - 1
    return -1

1️⃣7️⃣ Common Interview Logic Problems

Reverse a Number

def reverse_number(n):
    return int(str(n)[::-1])

Find Duplicate in List

def find_duplicates(lst):
    seen = set()
    duplicates = set()
    for num in lst:
        if num in seen:
            duplicates.add(num)
        seen.add(num)
    return list(duplicates)

Two Sum Problem

def two_sum(nums, target):
    lookup = {}
    for i, num in enumerate(nums):
        complement = target - num
        if complement in lookup:
            return [lookup[complement], i]
        lookup[num] = i

1️⃣8️⃣ Generators

def count_up_to(n):
    i = 1
    while i <= n:
        yield i
        i += 1

for num in count_up_to(5):
    print(num)

1️⃣9️⃣ Decorators

def logger(func):
    def wrapper():
        print("Function started")
        func()
        print("Function ended")
    return wrapper

@logger
def say_hello():
    print("Hello")

say_hello()

2️⃣0️⃣ Working with Dates

from datetime import datetime

now = datetime.now()
print(now.year)

date_string = "2025-01-01"
date_obj = datetime.strptime(date_string, "%Y-%m-%d")

2️⃣1️⃣ Practical Data Logic Example (Interview Style)

Group Items by Category

data = [
    {"name": "Item1", "category": "A"},
    {"name": "Item2", "category": "B"},
    {"name": "Item3", "category": "A"}
]

grouped = {}

for item in data:
    category = item["category"]
    if category not in grouped:
        grouped[category] = []
    grouped[category].append(item)

print(grouped)

2️⃣2️⃣ Performance Awareness

Time Complexity Awareness

O(1) → Constant
O(n) → Linear
O(log n) → Binary Search
O(n²) → Nested loops

Example:

# O(n²)
for i in range(n):
    for j in range(n):
        pass

2️⃣3️⃣ Clean Code Tips for Technical Tests

Use meaningful variable names
Handle edge cases
Avoid unnecessary nested loops
Consider time complexity
Use built-in functions when appropriate
Add short comments explaining logic

Final Interview Advice (Important)

In technical tests:

Speak your thought process out loud
Clarify edge cases
Write a simple solution first
Then optimize if needed
Test with sample input

you may also get:

Data transformation problems
Aggregation logic
Filtering structured data
Working with dictionaries and lists heavily

Python